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Gerard Hoffnung (22 March 192528 September 1959) was an artist and musician, best known for his humorous works. Raised in Germany, Hoffnung was brought to London as a boy, to escape the Nazis. Over the next two decades in England, he became known as a cartoonist, tuba player, impresario, broadcaster and public speaker. After training at two art colleges, Hoffnung taught for a few years, and then turned to drawing, on the staff of English and American publications, and later as a freelance. He published a series of cartoons on musical themes, and illustrated the works of novelists and poets. In 1956 Hoffnung mounted the first of his "Hoffnung Festivals" in London, at which classical music was spoofed for comic effect, with contributions from many eminent musicians. As a broadcaster he appeared on BBC panel games, where he honed the material for one of his best-known performances, his speech at the Oxford Union in 1958. ==Early years== Born in Berlin, and named Gerhard, Hoffnung was the only child of a well-to-do Jewish couple, Hildegard and Ludwig Hoffnung.〔Ingrams, Richard. ("Hoffnung, Gerard (1925–1959)" ), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 17 March 2013 〕 He was sent to England, where he attended Bunce Court School in 1938.〔Bellew,Lesley. "Anna's children", ''Kent Messenger'', ''Blitz Spirit'', special souvenir supplement, 4 February 2011, p. 11〕 In 1939, his parents left Germany; his father went to Palestine to enter the family's banking business. Gerard went with his mother to London, where she rented a house in Hampstead Garden Suburb, where Hoffnung lived for the rest of his life. In 1939 he enrolled at Highgate School, where, according to one biographer, he was "remembered for his anarchic spirit".〔 Among the artists he most admired when he was growing up was Walter Trier, long associated with ''Lilliput'' magazine.〔"Mr Gerard Hoffnung – Artist and Musician", ''The Times'', 29 September 1959, p. 17〕 Hoffnung had his first cartoon published in the same publication while he was still at school.〔 After leaving Highgate, Hoffnung studied at Hornsey College of Art, but was expelled for his lack of gravity in the life class. He then attended Harrow School of Art,〔Spiegl, Fritz, ("Hoffnung, Gerard" ), Grove Music Online, Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, accessed 17 March 2013 〕 after which he became a schoolmaster. He was art master at Stamford School (1945–46) and assistant art master at Harrow School (1948), with an intervening and overlapping spell as a staff artist on the London ''Evening News''.〔( "Hoffnung, Gerard" ), Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edition, Oxford University Press, December 2007, accessed 17 March 2013 〕 He was a staff artist to Cowles Magazines Inc in New York in 1950, and otherwise pursued a career as a freelance cartoonist. He contributed to ''Punch'', ''The Strand Magazine'' and ''The Tatler'',〔 and to other British, continental, and American magazines.〔 He also produced advertising work for Kia-Ora, Guinness, and other companies.〔 He presented one-man exhibitions of his work, including one at the Little Gallery, Piccadilly (1949), and two at the Royal Festival Hall (1951 and 1956).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gerard Hoffnung」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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